Communicating with Your Teen
During adolescence, your teen is striving to gain independence, yet still retain close ties to the family. The family's communication can contribute to the general atmosphere of the family's day-to-day interactions. Research has shown a relationship between parent-adolescent communication and several adjustment outcomes, such as adolescent self-esteem, academic achievement, and well-being. More specifically, adolescent adjustment has been linked with a balance of positive and negative discussions with parents.
Creating an Atmosphere for Communication
Strive to create an atmosphere in which all family members are free to discuss whatever topics they need to discuss. Flexibility in family communication allows the adolescent to express himself or herself. Teens need an opportunity for open and honest self-expression. By developing and using good communication skills, sensitive issues that arise during adolescence, such as sexuality and drug or alcohol use, can be discussed with greater comfort and success. In fact, research has shown that adolescents who share more openly with their parents are less likely to abuse substances.
Finding time to communicate with your teen may prove to be a challenge in today's busy world. Devoting just a few minutes a day to listening actively to your teen is a good place to start. Arrange a time when you are both free to talk about the day. Remember, it is important to let your adolescent share without him or her feeling pressured into sharing.
Let your adolescent know that you accept and value his or her point of view. Confirmation of an adolescent's perspective has been linked to positive personality development. Parents need to understand what adolescence is like in today's society, as well as the pressures and choices adolescents face.
Guidelines for Effective Communication
In order to solve family problems, it is important to be able to discuss them openly. Effective communication involves both listening and speaking. Good listeners show an interest in what the other person is saying. Consider the following guidelines, and how you might use them to improve your family communication skills.
Draw a mental picture of what the other person is saying
Ask questions to help you complete the picture in your mind. This will let the other person know that you are taking an interest in his or her topic.
Learn something new from the speaker
Take the role of the student, so that your adolescent becomes the teacher.
Stay focused on the other person
Do not use this time to interrupt with one of your own stories.
Be an active listener
An active listener summarizes the speaker's statements to check for understanding. Ask questions to keep the conversation moving. By asking for more details, you will help to stay focused on the topic.
Match the speaker's emotional state, unless it is hostile
You will help the speaker feel accepted if you match his or her mood. This also shows empathy, or reassurance that you understand and can identify with the speaker.
Withhold advice unless you are asked to give it
Hear the other person out. Do not interrupt or add your opinions until the speaker has finished. Your job is to listen with understanding, not make judgment calls.
Put yourself in the other person's shoes
Try to understand your adolescent's perspective. This shows that you respect his or her point of view, even though you may not agree with it.
Think before you speak You may want to count to ten before you respond. This will create an opportunity for you to compose yourself and avoid a heated discussion.
Encourage the other person
Even when discussing sensitive or emotionally charged topics, let your adolescent know that you still care about him or her. Think of something you like about him or her.
Be pleasant
Keep the conversation positive by talking about how you might want to solve the problem. Don't get entangled in past mistakes. Look for the positive side of the message. Staying positive will help keep the conversation productive and constructive.
Try using these active listening skills with your adolescent. After some practice, introduce your family to the idea of using effective communication skills. Describe the guidelines presented here, and take turns being the listener. See the difference that good communication skills can make in your family!
References
Forgatch, M., & Patterson, G. (1989). Parents and Adolescents Living Together: Part 2: Family Problem Solving. Eugene, Oregon: Castalia Publishing Company.
Noller, P. & Bagi, S. (1985). Parent-adolescent communication. Journal of Adolescence, 8, 125-144.
Reprinted with permission of The Ohio State University Extension Service
