Taken from Growing Concerns -- A childrearing question-and-answer column with Martha Erickson of the University of Minnesota.

Question: Judging from your son's response to the biting toddler, I would say you've taught him very well. But I can imagine how eager you are to put an end to the boy's biting. As much as you are tempted to have your son retaliate, I believe your first instincts are definitely right--to teach your son clear, firm, nonviolent ways to protect himself. Biting back or punching would only escalate the problem, and it would confuse your child about the kind of behavior you expect.

You have taught your son to tell the other child that biting is "not okay." He also should be coached to move away and tell an adult whenever someone tries to hurt him. (Kids sometimes are taught not to be "tattle-tales," but from a very early age they need to hear a clear message that whenever someone tries to hurt them, they must tell a trusted adult.)

Since the biting has happened multiple times, you also should talk to the teachers at the child care center to ensure that they do not allow this to happen again. This will mean, at a minimum, that teachers monitor the child more closely so he doesn't have an opportunity to hurt someone again. The teachers also should talk with the child's parents and make sure the boy gets a consistent message both at home and at school: biting is never okay and there will be clear, swift consequences ("time out" for example) if he even starts to bite someone again.

It is important that teachers and parents understand that biting is a very primitive, but common, way for a very young child to act out his or her anger or frustration. And sometimes an ongoing pattern of biting suggests that a child is experiencing unusual stress or has gone through a change (a new baby in the family, for example). At two-and-a-half, children often have only begun to learn what is acceptable and what is not. And because they lack words to convey their feelings, their emotions are expressed through actions--sometimes with hurtful consequences, unfortunately.

Children learn to control their aggressive behavior when adults set clear, consistent limits; offer an alternative behavior ("use words to tell him youíre angry"); and recognize positive behavior ("I like the way you're playing so nicely with her"). And of course they learn from examples. With careful guidance from parents and teachers, your son's classmate should develop more appropriate social behavior. And then your son can get on with enjoying his friends, building on the careful things you already have taught him about how to get along with others.

Editor's Note: Dr. Martha Farrell Erickson, director of the University of Minnesota's Children, Youth and Family Consortium, invites your questions on child rearing for possible inclusion in this column. E-mail to mferick@tc.umn.edu or write to Growing Concerns, University of Minnesota News Service, 6 Morrill Hall, 100 Church St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455.