Preconception Planning Best for Healthy Babies and Moms

Obstetricians are strongly recommending that women who want to have children make a commitment to preconception planning to minimize the risk of birth defects and to assure the best possible birth conditions for both mother and child.

According to Stacy L. Norton, MD, "The best time to plan what is commonly referred to as pre-natal care, is before getting pregnant. As families, we plan for many of life's events better than we prepare for having a baby. The decision to have a child certainly has an equal and far-reaching impact on the family as where or when to buy a house, for example, but it often doesn't get the same level of discussion and attention."

"When you're thinking about having a baby, there are some important choices to make, so pre-conception planning is the ideal time to take a close look at the medical history of both spouses, and to change any behaviors or habits that might pose a threat to the baby's health," said Dr. Norton. "Many women don't realize they are pregnant for several weeks or a month after conception. It is during these early weeks that the fetus is making critical progress in forming its tiny organs. Unfortunately, it is also during this time that damage can occur from smoking, drug or alcohol consumption."

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Since the 1960's, medical researchers have been able to link birth weight, birth defects and the overall health of newborns to how well the mother was cared for and her activities during her pregnancy. There is a direct relationship between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and premature births, low birth weight and miscarriage, and most people are aware that these behaviors are not acceptable for expectant mothers.

During the past decade, we have also gained additional information about the impact of sexually transmitted diseases, yet far too many mothers pass along these highly contagious diseases to their newborn infants, and some cause serious birth defects, as well.

During a preconception conference, the obstetrician will ask for a complete medical history, including information about any chronic or familial diseases that exist in either potential parent's side of the family. The doctor will also want to know about any previous pregnancies or miscarriages, as well as about the overall health, diet and fitness of the mother-to-be. Since some diseases and infections can cause harm to the fetus, up-to-date vaccinations and immunizations are necessary, as well.

Preconception planning also provides an opportunity for both prospective parents to be tested for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), even if no symptoms or obvious reason for a positive test result exists. Infection with HIV can obviously cause grave harm to both mother and child, although early detection may help keep the infection from being transmitted to the fetus.

"We invite the potential father to attend the planning conference," Dr. Norton said. "so he can provide information about his family medical history as well as participate in the discussion of any lifestyle changes or decisions that might impact the whole family. Pregnancy makes some physical and emotional demands on a mom-to-be, and it is useful for the dad to know what to expect, as well. And, if either prospective parent's medical history suggests that genetic counseling might be appropriate, this session is a good time to arrange for it."

"In addition to reviewing potential problem areas such as weight, eating habits or disorders," Dr. Norton continued, "planning ahead to conceive a baby allows the couple to make some informed choices. One of these is to make sure that the mom takes the recommended amount of folic acid each day to minimize neural tube defects, a birth defect that results from improper development of the brain or spinal cord. Folic acid is found naturally in foods such as dark, leafy vegetables, citrus fruits, beans, bread and cereals, but supplements are available if the minimum daily requirement isn't reached through the normal diet."

In addition to cigarettes and alcohol, there are many other substances in today's environment that can inhibit normal fetus growth and development. Preconception planning can help potential moms avoid these substances whenever possible or, at the very least, be alert that a problem may occur if they are used. Medications for treating seizure disorders and irregular heartbeat, some cancer drugs, some anti-depressants and certain antibiotics should not be taken by pregnant women. If an X-ray is needed, the technician should be advised of any suspected or confirmed pregnancy.

"In a less complicated world, all this planning and attention to detail may not be as necessary as it is today. Every parent wants the best possible outcome for their newborn. While nothing is risk-free, one of the best ways to insure a good birthing experience and a healthy baby is to take all these factors into consideration before the child is even conceived," Dr. Norton reiterated. "We invest much time and effort in obtaining a happy, stable marriage, a successful career and financial security. I believe prospective parents should also invest in a healthy start for each pregnancy."

Northwest Women's Center -- located at 821 Peakwood, Suite 200 -- is a group practice of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, including Dudley D. Baker IV, MD, Stacy L. Norton, MD, and Marlon D. White, MD. Appointments may be scheduled by calling (281) 444-3440.